Amoxicillin for skin

Another significant complication to be aware of is hypersensitivity reactions.

Amoxicillin can lead to type-I, II, III, or IV reactions. It is important to differentiate between a type-I and type-IV hypersensitivity reaction because one may be more dangerous than the other.

A type-I reaction is an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to a sensitized patient that triggers widespread histamine release leading to an urticarial like pruritic rash or even more severe systemic symptoms, such as anaphylaxis. A type-IV hypersensitivity reaction does not get mediated by histamine release, and is more

papular

Professionals suggest that almost all patients that receive amoxicillin inadvertently for infectious mononucleosis develop a maculopapular

rash

Any previous anaphylactic reaction or serious skin reaction (for example, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to amoxicillin or any other beta-lactam is a significant contraindication to amoxicillin.

These reactions may have crossover sensitivity with cephalosporins or carbapenems. It is important to note that newer data has suggested a much lower cross-reactivity with cephalosporins and carbapenems than once suspected.

Another important consideration is to determine if the patient’s allergic rash is a type-I or a type-IV hypersensitivity reaction.

Occasionally patients will report a childhood allergy to amoxicillin, which is, in fact, a type-IV-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, often in the setting of infectious mononucleosis; this is not a contraindication to giving repeat amoxicillin. A type-1 mediated hypersensitivity reaction is, however, a contraindication given that a repeat exposure puts the patient at risk for anaphylaxis.

Skin testing has been approved to help assist in hypersensitivity to penicillins.

Reports are that the risk of an allergic reaction in a patient with a positive skin test is roughly four percent, whereas a negative skin test has a relatively high sensitivity in ruling out a type-I hypersensitivity reaction.[4] Monitoring. It is essential to be aware of hypersensitivity reactions, and the patient should understand to notify their physician of any rashes.[4] Mild diarrhea is often toleratable.[5] However, prolonged diarrhea with fever and abdominal pain should prompt evaluation by a clinician. In a patient on a short-term course of amoxicillin, no specific laboratory monitoring parameters are suggested. During prolonged administration, such as for osteomyelitis, it is essential to monitor renal and hepatic function as well as hematologic function periodically throughout

treatment

The drug is very safe, but it is essential always to get a proper history of allergy before prescribing the medication.[4][6] Despite its safety record and frequency of use, amoxicillin still requires the efforts of an interprofessional healthcare team.

The clinician (MD, DO, NP, PA) will initiate therapy, but a pharmacist should verify the dosing and duration are correct for the infection being treated and verify that there are no drug interactions that could impede treatment.

Nursing can counsel on administration, verify compliance, reinforce along with the pharmacist to take the entire course, and not stop when they start to feel better.

Any issues the nurse or pharmacist encounters need to go to the prescriber immediately.

These examples of interprofessional team stewardship will improve

the

Mechanism of Action: Exerts bactericidal activity via inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding one or more of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Exerts bacterial autolytic effect by inhibition of certain PBPs related to the activation of a bacterial autolytic process. Pharmacodynamics: Pharmacokinetics: Cmax: 7.5mcg/ml; Oral bioavailability: 80%; Half-life: 1-1.3h; Table 6. Adverse Effects: Hematologic: anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis.

Other: Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction (fever, chills, sweating, tachycardia, hyperventilation, flushing, and myalgia) Dosage: Adult: 500mg po q12h or 250-500mg po q8h or 875mg po q12h.

Disease state based dosing: Renal failure: CrCL 10-50 mL/min: Consider extending dosing interval to q12h. Contraindications/Warnings/Precautions: Contraindications: Anaphylaxis amoxicillin or other penicillins. Precautions: Cephalosporin hypersensitivity Patients with mononucleosis are more likely to develop a skin rash.

Drug Interactions: Acenocoumarin – increased risk of bleeding; Allopurinol – higher probablility of amoxicillin rash; Contraceptives - decreased contraceptive effectiveness; Live Typhoid Vaccine - decreased immunological response to the typhoid vaccine; Methotrexate – methotrexate toxicity; Probenecid - increased amoxicillin levels; Warfarin – increased risk of bleeding. Pregnancy: Category B: No evidence of risk in humans but studies inadequate.

Monitoring Requirements: Therapeutic: Culture and sensitivities, signs and symptoms of infection.

Toxic: Periodic CBC, urinalysis, BUN, Creatinine, AST and ALT, diarrhea, skin rash.

Brand names/Manufacturer: Available by many names and manufacturers (click here) amoxicillin - oral, Amoxil.

The

display

GENERIC NAME: AMOXICILLIN - ORAL (a-MOX-i-SIL-in) BRAND NAME(S): Amoxil. USES: Amoxicillin is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its

decreased

pylori and to prevent the ulcers from returning.OTHER This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved US professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional.

Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.This drug may also be used by people with certain heart problems (such as heart valve disease) before medical/dental procedures (such as tooth/gum procedures) amoxicillin making me tired to prevent heart infection.

HOW TO USE: Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually

every

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.Drink plenty of fluids while using this medication unless your doctor tells you otherwise.Antibiotics work best when the amount of medicine in your body is kept at a constant level.

Therefore, take this drug at evenly spaced intervals. To help you remember, take it at the same times each day.Continue to take this medication until the full prescribed amount is finished, even if symptoms disappear after a few days. Stopping the medication too early may allow bacteria to continue to grow, which may result in a return of the infection.Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens. SIDE EFFECTS: Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Use of this medication for prolonged or repeated periods may result in oral thrush or a new vaginal yeast infection (oral or vaginal fungal infection).

Contact your doctor if you notice white patches in your mouth, a change in vaginal discharge or other new symptoms.Tell your doctor immediately if any of these rare but serious side effects occur: dark

urine

Do

not

However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious amoxicillin trihydrate 500 allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.Amoxicillin can commonly cause a mild rash that is usually not serious.

However, you may not be able to tell it apart from a rare rash that could be a sign of a severe allergic reaction.

Therefore, get medical help right away if you

develop

If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345. PRECAUTIONS: Before taking amoxicillin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: kidney disease, a certain type of viral infection (infectious mononucleosis).Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, about amoxicillin nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.Amoxicillin passes amoxicillin 1500 mg into breast milk.

DRUG INTERACTIONS: The effects of some drugs

can

take

This can increase your risk for serious side effects or may cause your medications not to work correctly. These drug interactions are possible, but do not always occur.

Your doctor or pharmacist can often prevent or manage interactions by changing how you use your medications or by close monitoring.To help your doctor and pharmacist give you the best care, be sure to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products) before starting treatment with this product.

While using this product, do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any other medicines you are using without your doctor's approval.Some products that may interact with this drug include: live bacterial vaccines, methotrexate.Before taking amoxicillin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are also taking probenecid. Probenecid slows down the removal of amoxicillin from your body, causing higher levels of this antibiotic in your bloodstream.

For certain types of difficult-to-treat infections, your doctor may prescribe these 2 medications together in order to achieve this effect. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.Although most antibiotics probably do not affect hormonal birth control such as pills, patch, or ring, some antibiotics may decrease their effectiveness. Examples include rifamycins such as rifampin or rifabutin.

Be sure to ask your doctor or pharmacist if you should use additional reliable birth control methods while using this antibiotic.Amoxicillin may cause false positive results with certain diabetic urine testing products (cupric sulfate-type).

This drug may also affect the results of certain lab tests.

Make sure laboratory personnel and your doctors know you use this drug.This document does not contain all possible drug interactions.

Share this list with your doctor and pharmacist to lessen your risk for serious medication problems.

OVERDOSE: If overdose is suspected, contact a poison control center or emergency room immediately. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: severe vomiting, persistent diarrhea, a severe decrease in the amount of urine, or seizures.