Use of amoxicillin capsules

Oral administration of single doses of 400-mg chewable tablets and 400 mg/5 mL suspension of Amoxicillin to 24 adult volunteers yielded comparable pharmacokinetic data: Amoxicillin.

Amoxicillin, or BRL-2333, is a penicillin G derivative first described in the literature in 1972. 6 Amoxicillin has similar activity to penicillin and ampicillin, but leads to higher serum concentrations than ampicillin. Amoxicillin was granted FDA approval on 18 January 1974. Type Small Molecule Groups Approved, Vet approved Structure. Amoxicillin alone is indicated to treat susceptible bacterial infections of the ear, nose, throat, genitourinary tract, skin, skin structure, and lower respiratory tract.

17,18 Amoxicillin is given with calvulanic acid to treat acute bacterial sinusitis, community acquired pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infections, acute bacterial otitis media, skin and skin structure infections, and urinary tract infections.

14,15,16 Amoxicillin is given with omeprazole in the treatment of H.

Acute Bacterial Sinusitis (ABS) Acute Otitis Media Acute Otitis Media (AOM) Bacterial Infection Due to

Helicobacter

Pylori) Bacterial Infections Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Duodenal ulcer caused by helicobacter pylori Genitourinary infections Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) Sinusitis Urinary Tract Infection Acute, uncomplicated Gonorrhea Bacterial skin and skin structure infections Ear, nose, and throat infections Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings.

Learn about our commercial Contraindications & Blackbox

Warnings

penicillin

14 Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of anaphylaxis, Clostridium difficile infections, and bacterial resistance.

Amoxicillin competitively inhibits penicillin-binding protein 1 and other high molecular weight penicillin binding proteins.

9,10 Penicillin bind proteins are responsible for glycosyltransferase and transpeptidase reactions that lead to cross-linking of D-alanine and D-aspartic acid in bacterial cell walls.

10 Without the action of penicillin binding proteins, bacteria upregulate autolytic enzymes and are unable to build and repair the cell wall, leading to bacteriocidal action.

8 A 250mg dose of oral amoxicillin reaches a C max 3.93±1.13mg/L with a T max 1.31±0.33h and an AUC of 27.29±4.72mg*h/L. 4 A 875mg dose of oral amoxicillin reaches a C max 11.21±3.42mg/L with a T max 1.52±0.40h and an AUC of 55.04±12.68mg*h/L.

The central volume of distribution of amoxicillin is 27.7L.

Incubation with human liver microsomes has lead to the detection of 7 metabolites.

1 The M1 metabolite has undergone hydroxylation, M2 has undergone oxidative deamination, M3 to M5 have undergone oxidation of the aliphatic chain, M6 has undergone decarboxylation, and M7 has undergone glucuronidation. Hover over products below to view reaction partners. 125mg to 1g doses of amoxicillin are 70-78% eliminated in the urine after 6 hours.

Patients experiencing an overdose may present with hematuria, oliguria, abdominal pain, acute renal failure, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, hyperactivity, and drowsiness. 7,14 Treat overdose with symptomatic and supportive treatment, which may include emesis or hemodialysis.

Affected organisms Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria Gram negative and gram positive bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae Borrelia burgdorferi Chlamydia pneumoniae Salmonella typhi Chlamydia psittaci Pathways Not Available Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" href="javascript:void(0);"> Interactions. Approved Vet approved Nutraceutical Illicit Withdrawn Investigational Experimental All Drugs.

Extended description of the

mechanism

A

rating

Know how this interaction affects the subject drug. Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Amoxicillin sodium 544Y3D6MYH 34642-77-8 BYHDFCISJXIVBV-YWUHCJSESA-M Amoxycillin trihydrate 804826J2HU 61336-70-7 MQXQVCLAUDMCEF-CWLIKTDRSA-N Product Images.

A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller. A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.

A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller. A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.

The pharmaceutical company has decided to discontinue this product.

Other preparations of this medicine may still be available.

This information has been left on emc for reference purposes.

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Clinical particulars 4.1 Therapeutic indications 4.2 Posology and method of administration 4.3 Contraindications 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use 4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction 4.6 Fertiliy, pregnancy and lactation 4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines 4.8 Undesirable effects 4.9 Overdose 5.

Pharmacological properties 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties 5.3 Preclinical safety data 6. Pharmaceutical particulars 6.1 List of excipients 6.2 Incompatibilities 6.3 Shelf life 6.4 Special precautions for storage 6.5 Nature and contents of container 6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling 7. Date of first authorisation/renewal of the authorisation 10.

This information is intended for use by health professionals. Each hard capsule contains amoxicillin trihydrate equivalent to 500 mg amoxicillin.

Amoxil is indicated for the treatment of the following infections in adults and children (see sections 4.2, 4.4 and 5.1): • Acute bacterial sinusitis. Amoxil is also indicated for the prophylaxis of endocarditis.

Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.

The dose of Amoxil that is selected to treat an individual infection should take into account: • The expected pathogens and their likely susceptibility to antibacterial agents (see section 4.4) • The severity and the site of the infection.

•

The

The duration of therapy should be determined by the type of infection and the response of the patient, and should generally be as short as possible. Some infections require longer periods of treatment (see section 4.4 regarding prolonged therapy). 250 mg to 500 mg every 8 hours or 750 mg to 1 g every 12 hours. Acute cystitis may be treated with 3 g twice daily for one day. 500 mg every 8 hours, 750 mg to 1 g every 12 hours.

For severe infections 750 mg to 1 g every 8 hours for 10 days.

2 g orally, single dose 30 to 60 minutes before procedure.

750 mg to 1 g twice daily in combination with a proton pump inhibitor (e.g. omeprazole, lansoprazole) and another antibiotic (e.g.

Lyme disease (see section 4.4) Early stage: 500 mg to 1 g every 8

hours

Impermeability of bacteria or efflux pump mechanisms may cause or contribute to bacterial resistance, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria.

MIC breakpoints for

amoxicillin

Some countries prefer to categorise wild type isolates of E.

When this is the case, use the MIC breakpoint S ? 0.5 mg/L. 2 Most staphylococci are penicillinase producers, which are resistant to amoxicillin. Methicillin resistant isolates are, with few exceptions, resistant to all beta-lactam agents.

3 Susceptibility to amoxicillin can be inferred from ampicillin. 4 The

susceptibility

For isolates categorised as intermediate to ampicillin avoid oral treatment with amoxicillin. Susceptibility inferred from the MIC of ampicillin. 6 Breakpoints are based on intravenous administration. Beta-lactamase positive isolates should be reported resistant. 7 Beta lactamase producers should be reported resistant. 8 Susceptibility to amoxicillin can be inferred from benzylpenicillin. 9 The breakpoints are based on epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs), which distinguish wild-type isolates from those with reduced susceptibility. 10 The non-species related breakpoints are based on doses of at least 0.5 g x 3or 4 doses daily (1.5 to 2

g/day

Inherently resistant organisms † Enterococcus faecium † Acinetobacter spp.

(many strains of Bacteroides fragilis are resistant). † Natural intermediate susceptibility in

the

? Almost all S.aureus are resistant to amoxilcillin due to production of penicillinase.

In addition, all methicillin-resistant strains are resistant to amoxicillin. Amoxicillin fully dissociates in aqueous solution at physiological pH. It is rapidly and well absorbed by the oral route of administration.

Following oral administration, amoxicillin is approximately 70% bioavailable.

The time to peak plasma concentration (T max ) is approximately one hour.

The pharmacokinetic results for a study, in which an amoxicillin dose of 250 mg three times daily was administered in the fasting state to groups of healthy volunteers are presented below.

In the range 250 to 3000 mg the bioavailability is linear in proportion to dose (measured as C max and AUC). The absorption is not influenced by simultaneous food intake.

Haemodialysis can be used for elimination of amoxicillin. About 18% of total plasma amoxicillin is bound to protein and the apparent volume of distribution is around 0.3 to 0.4 l/kg.

Following intravenous administration, amoxicillin has been found in gall bladder, abdominal tissue, skin, fat, muscle tissues, synovial and peritoneal fluids, bile and pus.

Amoxicillin does not adequately distribute into the cerebrospinal fluid.

From animal studies there is no evidence for significant tissue retention of drug-derived material.

Amoxicillin, like most penicillins, can be detected in breast milk (see section 4.6).

Amoxicillin has been shown to cross the placental barrier (see section 4.6).

Amoxicillin is partly excreted in the urine as the inactive

penicilloic

Amoxicillin has a mean elimination half-life of approximately one hour and a mean total clearance of approximately 25 l/hour in healthy subjects. Approximately 60 to 70% of the amoxicillin is excreted unchanged in urine during the first 6 hours after administration of a single 250 mg or 500 mg dose of amoxicillin. Various studies have found the urinary excretion to be 50-85% for amoxicillin over a 24 hour period. Concomitant use of probenecid delays amoxicillin excretion (see section 4.5).

The elimination half-life of amoxicillin is similar for children aged around 3 months to 2 years and older children and adults. For very young children (including preterm newborns) in the first week of life the interval of administration should not exceed twice daily administration due to immaturity of the renal pathway of elimination. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function. Following oral administration of amoxicillin/ to healthy males and female subjects, gender has no significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin.

The total serum clearance of amoxicillin decreases proportionately with decreasing

renal

Hepatically impaired patients should be dosed with caution and hepatic function monitored at regular intervals. Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for

humans

Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with amoxicillin. Sounds like 'amox-i-cil-lin' Overview Clinicians Clinicians Dose calculator. Easy-to-read medicine information about amoxicillin – what is it, how to take it safely and possible side effects. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic used to treat different infections caused by bacteria, such as chest infections, dental infections and infections of the throat, ear and sinus.

It works by killing or stopping the growth of bacteria (bugs) and gets rid of the infection. Amoxicillin is sometimes used to get rid of Helicobacter pylori, an infection often found in people with stomach ulcers.

It is not effective against infections caused by viruses.

Amoxicillin belongs to a group of

antibiotics

In New Zealand amoxicillin is available as capsules and liquid and can be given as an injection in the hospital.

The dose of amoxicillin will be different for different people depending on the type of infection and your age. Adults : the usual dose in adults is 250 or 500 milligrams 3 times a day.

Children : the dose for children will depend on their body weight.

Your doctor will advise you how long to take amoxicillin for (usually 3 to 7 days). Always take your amoxicillin exactly as your doctor has told you. The pharmacy label on your medicine will tell you how much to take, how often to take it and any special instructions.

Capsules : swallow the capsules with a glass of water or milk.