Trihydrate capsules

Generalized estimating equation (GEE) tests will be used to evaluate the differences within each group, among groups and in experimental times. The data on reduction of the number of sites with PD ?5 mm and PD ?6 mm and on PD reduction and CAL gain in full-mouth assessment and initially intermediate (PD = 4–6 mm) and deep (PD ?7 mm) sites will be evaluated by multilevel analysis using the GEE test.

The chi-square test will be used to compare differences in the frequency of the gender of patients exhibiting different categories of residual sites in post-therapy experimental times (low, moderate or high risk of disease progression) according to Feres et al.

The data will be evaluated using intention-to-treat analysis with last observation carried forward.

Microbiological data will be expressed in counts (levels) and proportion counts of DNA probes. The data will be expressed as counts ? 10 5 at each site by volunteers and then by volunteers within each group at each study time. The same way, the proportion and prevalence of each species will be computed for each site, then the means between the sites in each volunteer will be calculated, and then the volunteers of the same therapeutic group will be calculated at each experimental time. The differences among the groups and between the experimental times will be evaluated by multi-level analysis using the GEE test.

Adjustments for multiple comparisons [26] will be performed when the 40 bacterial species will be evaluated simultaneously.

The concentration, total count and proportion of each cytokine/chemokine in the GCF will be assessed per volunteer and then per volunteer within each group at each study time.

Similarly, the proportion will be computed for each site, then the means among the sites in each volunteer will be calculated, and then the volunteers of the same therapeutic group will be calculated in each experimental time. The differences among the groups and within each group, among the experimental times will be evaluated by multi-level analysis using GEE.

All analyses will be adjusted for multiple comparisons [25].

At the time of submission of this manuscript, 73 participants and 55 participants had been included at the UNG and USP-SP centers, respectively.

Amoxicillin (Amoxil®) versus Clarithromycin (Biaxin®) Based on "Antibiotic and Chemotherapy" written by Roger G.

Amoxicillin treatment course costs less than clarithromycin.

Clarithromycin has a broader antimicrobial spectrum than amoxicillin. Gram-negative bacteria • Haemophilus influenzae • Haemophilus parainfluenzae • Moraxella catarrhalis. Other bacteria • Mycoplasma pneumoniae • Chlamydia pneumoniae • Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

Head-to-head

Results of comparison of clarithromycin and amoxicillin in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis 1 .

Amoxicillin Clarithromycin Regimen 500 mg 3 times daily for 7 to 14 days 500 mg 2 times daily for 7 to 14 days Clinical success rate (based on direct observation of the patient) 89% 91% Roentgenographic success rate 92% 78% Dropout rates 4% 3% Adverse effects mild gastrointestinal side effects.

Amoxicillin and clarithromycin are equally effective in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. In a randomized clinical trial 3 the mean hospital stay in patients treated with amoxicillin was 3.3 days and with clarithromycin was 3.2 days. About 97% patients in both treatment groups achieved symptoms improvement.

Clarithromycin and amoxicillin are similarly effective in the treatment of acute ear infection (otitis media).

Results of single blind, randomized, multicenter clinical trial 2 comparing the safety and efficacy of clarithromycin and amoxicillin Amoxicillin suspension Clarithromycin suspension Clinical success (cure and symptoms improvement) rates at 0 to 4 days posttreatment 90% 93% Erythema migrans (the rash characteristic of Lyme disease) Clarithromycin works a little better than amoxicillin in the treatment of children

with

amoxicillin suspensions in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute otitis media.

Comparative efficacy of amoxicillin, cefuroxime and clarithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children.

Solitary erythema migrans in children: comparison of treatment with clarithromycin and amoxicillin. Published: October 25, 2017 Last updated: October 25, 2017. About amoxicillin Key facts Who can and can't take amoxicillin How and when to take it Side effects How to cope with side effects Pregnancy and breastfeeding Cautions with other medicines Common questions.

It's used in children, often to treat ear infections and chest infections. It comes as capsules or as a liquid that you drink.

It's also given by injection, but this is usually only done in hospital. For most infections, you'll start to feel better in a few days. The most common side effects of amoxicillin are feeling sick (nausea) and diarrhoea. Amoxicillin is also called by the brand name Amoxil. Amoxicillin can be taken by adults, including pregnant and breastfeeding women. To make sure amoxicillin is safe for you, tell your doctor if you : have had an allergic reaction to amoxicillin or penicillin or any other medicines in the past have liver or kidney problems have recently had, or are about to have, any vaccinations.

The usual dose of amoxicillin is 250mg to 500mg taken 3 times a day. If you take it 3 times a day, this could be first thing in the morning, mid-afternoon and at bedtime.

Carry on taking this medicine until you've completed the course, even if you feel better. If you stop your treatment early, the infection could come back. Swallow amoxicillin capsules whole with a drink of water. Amoxicillin is available as a liquid for children and people who find it difficult to swallow tablets. If you or your child are taking amoxicillin as a liquid, it will usually be made up for you by your pharmacist.

The medicine will come with a plastic syringe or spoon to help you measure out the right dose. If you don't have one, ask your pharmacist for one.

Do not use a kitchen teaspoon as it will not give the right amount. If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it's nearly time for your next dose. In this case, just

leave

Speak to your pharmacist or doctor if you're worried or you take more than 1 extra dose.

Like all medicines, amoxicillin can cause side effects, although not everyone gets them. These common side effects happen in around 1 in 10 people.

Keep taking the medicine, but talk to your doctor or pharmacist if these side effects bother

you

Serious side effects are rare and happen in less than 1 in 1,000 people. Call a doctor straight away if you get: diarrhoea (possibly with stomach cramps) that contains blood or mucus. If you have severe diarrhoea for more than 4 days you should also speak to a doctor pale poo with dark pee, yellowing of the skin or the whites of your eyes (warning signs of liver or gallbladder

problems

In most cases, the allergic reaction is mild and can take the form of: a raised, itchy skin rash coughing wheezing.

Mild allergic reactions can usually be successfully treated by taking antihistamines. In rare cases, amoxicillin can cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). Immediate action required: Call 999 or go to A&E if: you get a skin rash that may include itchy, red, swollen, blistered or peeling skin you're wheezing you get tightness in the chest or throat you have trouble breathing or talking your mouth, face, lips, tongue or throat start swelling.

You could be having a serious allergic reaction and may need immediate treatment in hospital. For a full list see the leaflet inside your medicines packet. You can report any suspected side effect to the UK safety scheme.

What to do about: feeling sick (nausea) - stick to simple meals and do not eat rich or spicy food.

It might help to take your amoxicillin after a meal or snack.

diarrhoea - drink plenty of fluids, such as

water

Signs of dehydration include peeing less than usual or having strong-smelling pee.

Do not take any other medicines to treat diarrhoea without speaking to a pharmacist or doctor. It's usually safe to take amoxicillin during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. For more information about how amoxicillin can affect you and your baby during pregnancy, read this leaflet on the Best Use of Medicines in

Pregnancy

Tell your doctor if you're taking these medicines before you start taking amoxicillin : methotrexate a blood thinner called warfarin gout medicines called probenecid and allopurinol other antibiotics. Mixing amoxicillin with herbal remedies and supplements.

There are no known problems with taking herbal remedies and supplements alongside amoxicillin. For safety, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you're taking any other medicines, including herbal remedies, vitamins or supplements. It works by killing the bacteria that cause the infection. For most infections, you should feel better within a few days.

It's very important that you keep taking amoxicillin until your course is finished.

Tell your doctor if you don't start feeling better after taking amoxicillin for 3 days. Also tell them if, at any time, you start to feel worse.

Some people get a fungal infection called thrush after taking a course of antibiotics like amoxicillin.

It happens because antibiotics kill the normal harmless bacteria that help to protect you against thrush.

Ask your pharmacist or doctor for advice if this happens to you.

Amoxicillin doesn't stop contraceptive pills working, including the combined pill or emergency contraception. However, if amoxicillin makes you vomit or have severe diarrhoea (6 to 8 watery poos in 24 hours) for more than 24 hours, your contraceptive pills may not protect you from pregnancy.

There's no firm evidence to suggest that taking amoxicillin will reduce fertility in either men or women. However, speak to a pharmacist or your doctor before taking it if you're trying to get pregnant. If you or your child take amoxicillin as a liquid medicine, it can stain your teeth.

This doesn't last and should go after brushing your teeth well. Yes, amoxicillin shouldn't affect you being able to drive or cycle.

You can eat and drink normally while taking amoxicillin.

It's possible that a straightforward urinary tract infection (UTI) may clear up on its own without any treatment.

However, it's usually best to treat a UTI with an antibiotic, or it could spread to the kidneys and lead to more serious problems.

Once treated, there are steps you can take to stop UTIs coming back: do not use perfumed bubble bath, soap or talcum powder around your genitals - use plain, unperfumed products, and have a shower rather than a bath go to the toilet as soon as you need to pee and always empty your bladder fully stay well hydrated - aim to drink 6 to 8 glasses of fluid a day (water, lower-fat milk and sugar-free drinks, including tea and coffee, all count) wipe your bottom from front to back when you go to the toilet empty your bladder as soon as possible after having sex do not use a contraceptive diaphragm or condoms with spermicidal lubricant on them - use another type of contraception instead wear underwear made from cotton, rather than synthetic material like nylon, and avoid tight jeans and trousers. Although they won't do any harm, there's little evidence to show drinking cranberry juice or taking cranberry supplements helps treat or prevent UTIs.

Pharmacodynamic studies of amoxicillin against Streptococcus pneumoniae : comparison of a new pharmacokinetically enhanced formulation (2000 mg twice daily) with standard dosage regimens.

Inga Odenholt, Otto Cars, Elisabeth Lowdin, Pharmacodynamic studies of amoxicillin against Streptococcus pneumoniae :

comparison

Objectives : To compare the pharmacodynamic effects of a pharmacokinetically enhanced formulation of amoxicillin 2000 mg twice daily, with amoxicillin 875 mg twice daily, 875 mg three times daily and 500 mg three times daily against Streptococcus pneumoniae with different susceptibility to amoxicillin in an in

vitro

profile

All isolates were also exposed to amoxicillin with concentration–time profiles correlating to the human dosage of 875 mg twice daily ( C max 15 mg/L after 1 h), 875 mg three times daily and 500 mg ( C max 8 mg/L after 1 h) three times daily with simulated half-life of 1 h. Repeated samples were taken regularly during 24 h

and

Results : Overall, the pharmacokinetically enhanced formulation was more effective at reducing bacterial counts

than

Eradication was achieved with the enhanced formulation for strains with a MIC of ?2 mg/L, however, regrowth occurred with the other dosing regimens.

In the experiments with the strain with a MIC of 4 mg/L, the enhanced formulation kept the bacterial counts ?10 2 cfu/mL for at least 14 out of 24 h tested.

In contrast, none of the other formulations reduced the bacterial counts down to ?10 2 cfu/mL at any point.

None of the regimens

was

The least effective dosage regimen for all strains was 875 mg twice daily. Amoxicillin/clavulanate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections. Different dosage regimens of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are currently used in clinical practice.