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50 mg/kg/day PO divided every 12 hours as an alternative for penicillin-susceptible strains.

Treat for 7 to 10 days for naturally acquired infection.

For a bioterrorism-related event, continue treatment for 60 days.

As oral follow-up combination therapy after initial IV therapy for severe anthrax (non-CNS infection), use amoxicillin in combination with a protein synthesis inhibitor (i.e., clindamycin, linezolid). Continue therapy to complete a treatment course of at least 14 days; additional prophylaxis to complete an antimicrobial course of up to 60 days may be required.

1 g PO every 8 hours for 60 days after exposure as an alternative for penicillin-susceptible strains for patients who cannot take first-line agents (i.e., fluoroquinolones, doxycycline) or if first-line agents are unavailable. 75 mg/kg/day PO divided every 8 hours (Max: 1 g/dose) for 60 days after exposure for penicillin-susceptible strains. 75 mg/kg/day PO divided every 8 hours for 60 days after exposure for penicillin-susceptible strains.

50 mg/kg/day PO divided every 12 hours for 60 days after exposure for penicillin-susceptible strains.

250 mg PO every 8 hours in combination with oral erythromycin for 5 days, following 48 hours of IV therapy.

A 7-day course of therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics is recommended for pregnant women with preterm PROM who are less than 34 0/7 weeks gestation.

Administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics has been shown to prolong pregnancy, reduce maternal and neonatal infections, and reduce gestational age-dependent morbidity.

Women with preterm PROM who are candidates for group B streptococcal (GBS) intrapartum prophylaxis should receive GBS prophylaxis to prevent vertical transmission regardless of earlier treatments.[64408] †Indicates off-label use. 1,750 mg/day PO for most labeled indications; however, doses up to 3 g/day PO have been used off-label.

1,750 mg/day PO for most labeled indications; however, doses up to 3 g/day PO have been used off-label. 1,750 mg/day PO is FDA-approved maximum; however, doses up to 4 g/day PO have been used off-label.

45 mg/kg/day PO is FDA-approved maximum; however, doses up to 100 mg/kg/day PO (Max: 4 g/day) have been used off-label.

4 to 11 months: 45 mg/kg/day PO is FDA-approved maximum; however, doses up to 90 mg/kg/day PO have been used

off-label

1 to 3 months: 30 mg/kg/day PO is FDA-approved maximum; however, doses up to 75 mg/kg/day PO have been used off-label. 30 mg/kg/day PO is FDA-approved maximum; however, doses up to 75 mg/kg/day PO have been used off-label. No dosage adjustment needed; amoxicillin is not appreciably metabolized in the liver and does

not

The following dosing recommendations pertain to adults. No specific dosage adjustments for pediatric patients with renal impairment are available at this time; however, dosage intervals should be adjusted. CrCl 10—30 mL/min: 250—500 mg PO every 12 hours, depending on the severity of the infection.

Do not use the 875 mg-tablet strength or the extended-release tablet for dosing.

CrCl 3 months of age because of incompletely developed renal function.

Safety and effectiveness of Moxatag extended-release tablets has not been established in neonates, infants, or children.

When it comes to antibiotics, can too much of a good thing be harmful? Antibiotics are powerful drugs that help our bodies ward off diseases caused by bacteria. When used appropriately, they quickly and effectively eliminate infections, causing us to feel better in a matter of days. However, when used to treat other health conditions, antibiotics are not only ineffective but can be harmful to our overall health.

According to a growing body of research, the more we take antibiotics to cure bacterial infections, the more our bodies build resistance, which wipes out their effectiveness in making us well. Antibiotics fight bacteria that cause strep throat and ear, sinus and urinary infections. They do not work for the flu, colds, coughs and sore throats. Consult with your doctor about your symptoms, which can help determine the origin of your illness.

Ask your doctor about the benefits and drawbacks of taking antibiotics for your diagnosis.

Call for an Appointment (800) USC-CARE (800-872-2273) Following are a few pros and cons of taking antibiotics: Pros of taking antibiotics. Antibiotics can slow the growth of and kill many types of infection. In some cases, such as before surgery, antibiotics can prevent infection from occurring.

Antibiotics are fast-acting; some will begin working within a few hours.

They are easy to take: Most antibiotics are oral medications. Your doctor may decide to give you an injection, if it is imperative that the medicine gets into your system quickly.

If you take antibiotics often, your body can build a resistance to antibiotic drugs, which could cause antibiotics to become less effective. The longer the course of treatment for an antibiotic, the more damage that can be done to the body’s immune system.

Some antibiotics can have side effects, from digestive issues to bone damage to sensitivity to sunlight.

Make sure to read the fine print that comes with your medicine, so that you know the risks.

“Inappropriate use of antibiotics is creating a huge threat to the health of our communities,” says Jennifer R.

Boozer, DO, clinical assistant professor of family medicine (clinician educator) at the Keck School of Medicine of USC.

By taking antibiotics when we do not need them, we increase the chances of bacteria becoming resistant to the medication and then, when we really need it, those antibiotics will not be effective. This can lead to an increase in hospitalizations, due to the need for IV antibiotics, or even increased chances of death.

“It is important that you protect yourself and your family, by only taking antibiotics that are prescribed to you, when your doctor advises you to do so,” expresses Boozer, who is also a family medicine physician at Keck Medicine of USC.

“Sharing antibiotics or taking leftover medications from a previous illness is never advised.” Rules to follow to avoid misuse.

Any prescribed antibiotic should be finished without any being left over. Also, be aware that colds are viral, and antibiotics are not going to help.

Fleming’s serendipitous discovery of penicillin changed the course of medicine and earned him a Nobel Prize. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, though he did not realize the full significance of his discovery for at least another decade. He eventually received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945. As far back as the 19th century, antagonism between certain bacteria and molds had been observed, and a name was given to this phenomenon— antibiosis —but little was made of these observations. A folk tradition using molds in medicine was similarly neglected.

In 1928 Alexander Fleming (1881–1955) discovered penicillin, made from the Penicillium notatum mold, but he did not receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery until 1945. Fleming himself did not realize how important his discovery was; for a decade after, he focused instead on penicillin’s potential use as a topical antiseptic for wounds and surface infections and as a means of isolating certain bacteria in laboratory cultures. It was left to his fellow Nobelists, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, to demonstrate in 1940 that penicillin could be used as a therapeutic agent to fight a large number of bacterial diseases. Born in Lochfield, Ayrshire, Scotland, Fleming was the seventh of eight surviving children in a farm family.

His father died when he was seven years old, leaving his mother to manage the farm with her eldest stepson.

Fleming, having acquired a good basic education in local schools, followed a stepbrother, already a practicing physician, to London when he was 13.

He spent his teenaged years attending classes at Regent Street Polytechnic, working as a shipping clerk, and serving briefly in the army during the Boer War (1899–1902), although he did not see combat. Mary’s Hospital Medical School in Paddington, London, which remained his professional home for the rest of his life.

Fleming accepted a post as a medical bacteriologist at St. Mary’s after completing his studies, and in 1906 he joined the staff of the Inoculation Department under the direction of Sir Almroth Wright.

Wright strongly believed in strengthening the body’s own immune system through vaccine therapy, not by chemotherapy—the introduction of external chemical agents (see Paul Ehrlich). Nonetheless, he turned over to Fleming samples of a new drug, Salvarsan, synthesized by Paul Ehrlich and colleagues for treating syphilis.

Fleming’s experience administering the drug to patients was positive, and thereafter he maintained a small but lucrative practice administering Salvarsan to wealthy patients suffering from syphilis.