I need a prescription for amoxicillin

mirabilis >500 В >500 >128 64 4 1 Hemophilus influenzaea 0.4 6.3 25 0.25 0.012 0.03 Salmonella sp.

16 64 В 4 В В Serratia marcescens >128 >128 >128 >500 16 88 Klebsiella sp.

>128 >128 >128 16 8 16 Pseudomonas aeruginosa >128 >128 >128 >500 16 8 Anaerobes В В В В В В Peptostreptococcus 0.1 В >32 0.5 0.5 0.5 Fusobacterium nucleatum 64 64 64 16В 16 32. MinimalВ Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC-90) of Specific OrganismsВ. Table 4.В In Vitro В Post-Antibiotic Effect of Selected Penicillins. faecalisВ penicillin G 2-3.5 hrs 2.5-3.5 hrs 2.5-3.5 hrs ampicillin 2-2.5 hrs

2-6

Prevalence of Resistance of Organisms to Penicillins.

Organism Prevalence Gram-positive В Streptococcus pneumoniae a,b Intermediate pcn resistance 11-28% Highly PCN resistant 11-33% Staphylococcus aureus PCN resistant >95%, Methicillin resistant (nosocomial) 23-38% Gram-negative В Haemophilus influenzae ampicillin 1-64% Moraxella catarrhalis up to 85% Escherichia coli ampicillin 30-50% Neisseria gonorrhoeae 1.2-38% Neisseria meningitidis up to 20% Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers В Klebsiella pneumoniae up to 24% Pseudomonas aeruginosa piperacillin 5-30% a intermediate resistant strains have MICs of 0.12-1.0 Вµg/mL.

highly resistant strains have MICs ofВ Ві2.0 Вµg/mL. Table 6.В Pharmacokinetic Properties of В Penicillins. 1 % Bioavailability Half-LifeВ (hours)В %PPB 2 Natural penicillins В В В В В benzylpenicillin 2g 20 Вµg/mLВ na 0.5 50-60 penicillin G oral 3 400,000 u 0.3 Вµg/mL 15-30 0.5 В penicillin VK 250 mg 3 Вµg/mL 60 0.5 75-85 procaine pen G IM 300,000 u 0.9 Вµg/mL В В В benzathine pen G IM 1.2 mu 0.09 Вµg/mLВ В В В В Penicillinase-resistant penicillins В В В В В nafcillinВ IV 1g 20 Вµg/mL na 0.5-1.0 90 oxacillin IV 500mg 52-63Вµg/mL na 0.5-0.7 94 oxacillin oral 500mg 5-7 Вµg/mL 30-35% 0.5-0.7 В cloxacillin oral 500mg 7.5-14Вµg/mL 50 0.5 95 dicloxacillin oral 500mg 10-17Вµg/mL 37 0.8 98 Aminopenicillins В В В В В ampicillin IV 1g 40 Вµg/mL na 1-1.3В 20 ampicillin oral 1g В 3 Вµg/mL 30-50 1-1.3 В amoxicillin oral 1g 7.5 Вµg/mL 80 1-1.3 20 Extended-spectrum penicillins В В В В В carbenicillin IV 3g 223 Вµg/mL na 1.1 50 carbenicillin oral 1g 9 Вµg/mL 30 В В ticarcillin 3.5g 210 Вµg/mL na 1.2 45 mezlocillin 3g 263 Вµg/mL na 0.8В 16-42 piperacillin 4g 240 Вµg/mL na 1.0 16.

В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В.

1 data complied from product package information and Donowitz 1988. Table 7.В Guidelines for Adult and Pediatric Dosing of Penicillins.

Drug Normal adult dose a,b Normal pediatric dose c В Dosage adjustment in renal impairment d,e Natural penicillins В В В benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) enterococcal endocarditis: 4-6 mubВ IV q4h ?В 1week and > 2kg: 20,000-50,000 u/kg IV q8h CrCL 10-50 mL/min: Increase dosing interval to q6-8h ?В 1 week andВ ?В 2kg: 20,000-50,000 u/kg IV q12h > 1 week andВ ?В 2kg: 25,000-65,000 u/kg IV q8h Streptococcal meningitis: 2-3 mu IV q4h > 1 week and > 2kg: 25,000-65,000 u/kg IV q6h Streptococcal infection: 2mu IV q4-6h > 1month and 12 years: usual adult doseВ CrCL 12 years:В usual adult dose В neurosyphilis: 3-4 mu IV q4h В В penicillin VK Streptococcal pharyngitis: 500 mg poВ bid-tid for 10 days > 1 month: 15-62.5 mg/kg/day po in 3-6 divided doses Little data available.

Adjust dose if CrCL 1 month and 1 month: 50-100 mg/kg/day po in 3-4 divided doses CrCL 1 month: IV data limited, 100-200mg/kg/dayВ in 4-6 divided doses oxacillin 500mg-1g po q4-6h В > 1 month and 1 month and 1 month and 40 kg: usual adult dose CrCL 1 month and 20 kg: usual adult doseВ CrCL 1 month and a intramuscular.

c These dosages are ranges of acceptable doses.В The lower range of usual dose is generally used for mild infection, upper range for severe infection (e.g. meningitis, endocarditis).В Higher dosages than recommended may be used in certain circumstances.В Clinical judgment should be used when dosing and prescribing information for the specific drugs should be consulted for more information. d clinical judgment should be utilized when making decisions regarding dosage adjustment in renally impaired patients, taking into account severity of renal impairment, site of infection, expected length of therapy, organism isolated, etc.

e data complied using McEvoy 2003 AHFS Drug Information and product package inserts.

Table 8.В Approximate Cost of Typical Therapeutic Regimens of Selected Penicillins 1.

Drug Dosing regimen Cost 1 Oral agents В В ampicillin 500mg po q6h x 10d $5.00 penicillin VK 500mg po q8h x 10d $4.00 amoxicillin 500mg po q8h x 10d $5.00 Long-acting agents В В procaine penicillin G 1.2 mu IM x1 $5.00 benzathine penicillin G 2.4mu IM x1 $15.00 Intravenous agents В В ampicillin 2g IV q4h x 10d $57.00 penicillin G potassium 2 mu IV q4h x 10d $21.00 penicillin G sodium 2 mu IV q4h x 10d $158.00 oxacillin 1g IV q6h x 10d $109.00 ticarcillin 3g IV q4h x 10d $375.00 piperacillin 4g IV q6h x 10d $390.00. 1В = drug acquisition costs for Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, New York.

Antibiotics are medications used to fight infections caused by bacteria.

They treat infections by killing or decreasing the growth of bacteria. Before antibiotics, 30 percent of all deaths were caused by bacterial infections.

Thanks to antibiotics, previously fatal infections are curable. Today, antibiotics are still powerful, life-saving medications for people with certain serious infections. They can also prevent less-serious infections from becoming serious. Certain types of antibiotics work best for specific types of bacterial infections. Antibiotics come in many forms, including: tablets capsules liquids creams ointments.

Most antibiotics are only available with a prescription from your doctor. Some antibiotic creams and ointments are available over the counter. Antibiotics fight bacterial infections either by killing bacteria or slowing and suspending its growth. They do this by: attacking the wall or coating surrounding bacteria interfering with bacteria reproduction blocking protein production in bacteria.

Antibiotics begin to work right after you start taking them. However, you might not feel better for two to three days. How quickly you get better after antibiotic treatment varies.

It also depends on the type of infection you’re treating.

In some cases, shorter treatments work just as well.

Your doctor will decide the best length of

treatment

with

It was growing from a blob of mold on a petri dish.

Scientists found that a certain type of fungus naturally produced penicillin.

Eventually, penicillin was produced in large quantities in a laboratory through fermentation using the fungus. Some other early antibiotics were produced by bacteria found in ground soil.

Today, all antibiotic medications are produced in a lab. Some are made through a series of chemical reactions that produce the substance used in the medication.

Other antibiotics are at least partially made through a natural but controlled process. This process is often enhanced with certain chemical reactions that can alter the original substance to create a different medication. Antibiotics are powerful medications that

work

bacteria

Some serious antibiotic-resistant infections include: Clostridium difficile ( C. diff ) The overgrowth of this type of bacteria causes infection in both your small and large intestines. This often occurs after someone’s treated with antibiotics for a different bacterial infection.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) These bacteria often infect your bloodstream, urinary tract, or surgical wounds. This infection typically occurs in people who are hospitalized.

Enterococci infections may be treated with the antibiotic vancomycin, but VRE is resistant to this treatment. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) This type of infection is resistant to traditional staph infection antibiotics. It’s most common in people in hospitals and those with weakened immune systems.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) This class of bacteria are resistant to a lot of other antibiotics.

CRE infections typically occur in people in hospitals and who are on a mechanical ventilator or have indwelling catheters.

The most important cause of antibiotic resistance is inappropriate use or overuse of antibiotics.

As much as 30 percent of antibiotic use is thought to be unnecessary.

This is because antibiotics are often prescribed when they aren’t needed.

Several

Don’t use antibiotics for conditions caused by viruses such as the common cold, flu, cough, or sore throat.

Take antibiotics as directed by your healthcare provider .

Using the wrong dose, skipping doses, or taking it longer or shorter than directed might contribute to bacteria resistance. Even if you feel better after a few days, talk with your healthcare provider before discontinuing an antibiotic. Using the wrong antibiotic for an infection might lead to resistance. Don’t take antibiotics prescribed for someone else. Also, don’t take antibiotics left over from a previous treatment. Your healthcare provider will be able to select the most appropriate antibiotic for your specific type of infection. Study: Your Allergy to Penicillin May Be Non-Existent. When Maria Duggan developed a breast infection, she faced a choice no new mother would want to make: take an antibiotic that she’d been told could cause a severe allergic reaction, or one that would pass through her breast milk to her baby. Like millions of Americans, Duggan, 32, had been diagnosed with a penicillin allergy as a child, but doctors believed she might have outgrown it.

Still, the prospect of taking a drug that might send her into anaphylactic shock was scary. “I knew there was going to be a risk in the decision and that risk was going to have to fall to me,” Duggan said.

After being prepared for the worst, Duggan had no reaction to the penicillin. As it turns out, she is one of many Americans who’ve been told they have a penicillin allergy, but may been initially misdiagnosed or have grown out of it. Most doctors aren’t even aware that some 90 percent of those diagnosed with a penicillin allergy can actually tolerate the drug, according to a study presented recently at the annual meeting of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. This site is protected by recaptcha Privacy Policy | Terms of Service.

“The typical situation is at a young age a child will get an infection and will get a course of penicillin and then will get a rash, or some other side effect, and get labeled as penicillin allergic,” said Dr. Elizabeth Phillips, a professor of medicine and pharmacology and director of personalized immunology, Oates Institute of Experimental Therapeutics at Vanderbilt University.

who believe they are allergic may not truly be, said Phillips.

Penicillin-related drugs are antibiotics with a long track record of safety.

When people who’ve been labeled as allergic to penicillin need antibiotics for serious infections, "they may get a second antibiotic that has more side effects or is less effective for the condition they need treated,” Phillips said.

The solution for many is a simple, two-step test, followed, as needed, by a low-dose oral penicillin, taken under a doctor's observation.

"The whole process takes about three hours and then we can say they’re free to take penicillin in the future,” said Phillips. Hollis Heavenrich-Jones tested

her

The child was diagnosed with a penicillin allergy when he was a baby, but Heavenrich-Jones wanted to be sure.

“He had his one and only ear infection and they gave him penicillin and he broke out in a sort of head-to-toe rash,” Heavenrich-Jones said. “It went into his chart and it’s been there ever since.” Spencer underwent a skin test and took an oral dose.

Both revealed no allergy, a "huge relief" to his mother.

An earlier version of this story stated Spencer had a reaction to a control substance during a test.

It has been updated to reflect that his skin tests were negative. Lauren Dunn is a producer with the NBC News medical unit in New York.