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Amy Schumer Has

Lyme

I have maybe had it for years,” the Schumer wrote on Instagram.

The 39-year-old comedian then asked people for advice, like whether it’s OK to drink wine and said she’s also taking “herbs from Cape Cod called lyme-2.” She ended on this note: “I also want to say that I feel good and am

excited

According to the CDC, early symptoms (which may manifest between three and 30 days after someone is infected) include: Fever Chills Headache Fatigue Muscle and joint aches Swollen lymph nodes may occur in the absence of rash A bulls-eye rash (called erythema migrans) If a person’s Lyme disease goes undetected and untreated, however, their symptoms can progress to severe headaches and nick stiffness, facial palsy, joint pain and swelling, and numbness or tingling in the hands or feet, among other complications. How common is it for Lyme disease to go undiagnosed? Schumer didn’t offer up any more details about her symptoms and diagnosis, or why she thought she’s had Lyme disease for years.

But missing a tick bite happens more often than you’d think.

“The ticks that transmit Lyme disease are very small and many people don’t notice their bites,” says Richard Watkins, M.D., an infectious disease physician and professor of internal medicine at the Northeast Ohio Medical University. “It is therefore not uncommon to see people with Lyme disease who were infected years earlier.” Amesh A. Adalja, M.D., senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, agrees.

“Some people who have Lyme disease may not have the characteristic bulls-eye rash early on, and may miss the diagnosis,” he says. However, an accurate diagnosis really depends on your symptoms and your medical provider, says Michael Zimring, M.D., director of the Center for Wilderness & Travel Medicine at Mercy Medical Center. “If someone has typical symptoms and lives in an area where there’s Lyme or have deer around their house, it’s a relatively easy disease to diagnose if you’re familiar with it,” he says. “Some people who are not familiar with Lyme disease will miss the diagnosis.” That said, it’s not really possible for doctors to tell exactly how long someone has had Lyme disease.

Many doctors will also test someone for

Lyme

“If the test comes back positive, you need to figure out, ‘Are these symptoms related to Lyme or not?’” Dr. Lyme disease is typically treated with antibiotics, including doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime axetil, the CDC says.

However, if someone developed certain neurological or cardiac forms of the disease, they may be treated with IV antibiotics like ceftriaxone or penicillin, the CDC says.

“Oral antibiotics—usually doxycycline—are effective in treating Lyme

disease

According to the CDC, most people recover “within a few weeks” of taking the medication. However, a small percentage of people with Lyme disease will have fatigue and muscle aches that last for more than six months in a condition known as Post-treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome.

If you’ve been having symptoms of Lyme disease, it’s important to talk to your doctor—whether your symptoms have been going on for days, weeks, or longer—to ensure a proper diagnosis and path to recovery. Support from readers like you helps us do our best work.

Go here to subscribe to Prevention and get 12 FREE gifts. And sign up for our FREE newsletter here for daily health, nutrition, and fitness advice.

Submitted: May 22nd 2020 Reviewed: July 6th 2020 Published: September 10th 2020. Home > Books > Drug Design - Novel Advances in the Omics Field and Applications [Working Title] Abstract. Professor Ross of London University, England, was using nitrogen mustard to treat cancers by attacking both strands of tumor DNA. As a part of my doctoral thesis, I am to design drugs using aziridine to attack only one strand of DNA.

Over the years, I made over 100 dinitrophenyl aziridine derivatives.

One of them is dinitrobenzamide (CB1954) which gives a CI of 70, highest toxicity to animal tumor ever recorded.

CB1954 wipes out a solid aggressive tumor by attacking a single-strand DNA of Walker carcinoma 256, in rat. My greatest challenge at NCI in USA is to translate the animal work which I did in London University to humans. As radiolabeled methylated quinone crosses the blood-brain barrier in mice, I decided to use quinone moiety as a carrier for aziridine rings to attack glioblastomas, the brain tumor in humans. By attaching two aziridines and two carbamate moieties to quinone, I made AZQ (US Patent 4,146,622).

By treating brain cancer with AZQ , we observed that glioblastoma tumor not only stops growing but also starts shrinking. Literature search showed that AZQ is extensively studied.

drug design tumor treatment novel drugs for cancer treatment. Abdul Hameed Khan * NCMRR (National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. *Address all correspondence to: hameedkhan111@comcast.net. Drug Design - Novel Advances in the Omics Field and Applications [Working Title] Dr. Rational drug design is absolutely essential for developing novel drugs for treating any disease, especially cancers. Our Institute, the NIH (National Institutes of Health is an agency of US Government) learned this fact by spending enormous amount of money over the years by testing known and unknown products obtained by synthesis or from plants and animals on a variety of amoxicillin 625mg testing tumor systems. The discovery of a handful of drugs by trial and errors at a cost of millions was considered a waste of time and money.

In early days, we absorbed the losses because our Institute, located about 10 miles from Washington, DC, is the largest biomedical center in the world.

Our annual budget is over 40 billion dollars per year.

Over 26 institutes have about 3000 labs where about 21,000 scientists work in 50 buildings.

My lab was in the National Cancer Institute (NCI), which is the largest among all institutes and it has a budget of over 5 billion dollars per year. About 20% of our budget is spent in-house and the 80% of our budget is provided to research labs around the world by reviewing their research projects by expert panels called the study sections to approve funds to projects most rational and most likely to be accomplished.

This chapter describes the novel drug design based on the genetic makeup of a patient. My main focus is on two major areas, and they are diagnostic and novel drug design to treat these diseases. Today, we are treated with the same medicine for the same disease as if we all have the identical genomes.

In fact, no two people look alike and no two genomes are alike.

Our genome is made of six billion four hundred million nucleotides, and in almost every 1000 nucleotides, we find a variant and in the entire script, we find 3.4 million variants called the SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism). Each of us has a unique genetic makeup and requires the development of a specific medicine to treat that disease.

This concept is now known as the pharmacogenomic, and it provides a paradigm shift in drug design. To design a genomic medicine, first we need to sequence the whole genome identifying specific region (genes) which codes for specific proteins.

Second, we need to sequence as many genomes as possible (such efforts are undergoing as a Thousand Genome Project, a Million or a Three Million Genome Project) to compare their sequences to identify differences called variants. Then, we need to develop next generation of sequencers to sequence everyone’s genome as cheaper and as faster as possible. Next, we need to identify the differences in the genetic scripts, and then, we need to separate bad or abnormal mutated variants responsible for causing diseases.

Next, we need to identify rare variants as diagnostic tools responsible for causing rare diseases (young people diseases) such as Parkinson, Huntington, cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, color blindness, sickle cell anemia, etc.

Next, we need to identify the common genetic diseases (old people diseases) such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and Alzheimer.

First, we generate sequence data and then by comparing we find a correlation between variants and diseases.

We can construct a correlation map of all variants responsible for causing all genetic disorders.

After diagnosing the diseases, the next

most

Our work below describes over a quarter of a century’s effort by first designing drugs to shut off genes responsible for causing cancers in animals and then we further describe how we translated the animal work in humans. The following pages describe the development of genomic medicine based on the drug design and on the genetic makeup of a patient. First, I will provide historical background which describes the early development of medicines to treat diseases. Second, I will describe the rational drug design to treat abnormal mutated genes and the specific nucleotide identified by the human genome sequencing to develop new drugs to treat old diseases, and finally, I will discuss the ethical problems in an attempt to answer the consequences of prolonging human life on planetary resources and environment. Since the dawn of human civilization, achieving human longevity has been the dream of every King, every Queen, every Pharos, and every Caesar. But they all died in their 50s by infectious diseases. In 1928, Alexander Flaming, while working on influenza virus, observed that a mold had developed accidently on a staphylococcus culture plate. By killing the bacteria, the mold had created a bacteria-free circle around itself.

He was so inspired by the presence of the bacterial free zone that he conducted further experiment and found that the mold culture produced a substance which prevented growth of staphylococci, even when diluted 800 times. The discovery of penicillin [1] was followed by a host of new antibiotics such as streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, paromomycin, apramycin, tobramycin, amikacin, netilmicin, and gentamicin and dozens of their derivatives which wipeout Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Misuse and overuse of antibiotics in agriculture resulted in the bacterial resistance. For example, farmers overuse the antibiotics in food-producing animals not only to kill the bacteria in cows, goat, and chicken farms but also use to promote growth in these animals exposing excessive amount of antibiotics residues to humans in their food. We developed a spectroscopic method [2] to detect their residue in PPT (parts per trillion) to provide safe food for consumption. We broke the genetic code and unlocked the secrets of life.

Now, we are ready to manipulate life not only to clean up our environmental pollution but also to produce new food, new fuel, and new medicine to treat every disease known to mankind.

We also succeeded in increasing human lifespan beyond 60 to 70 years. We read the total genetic information that makes the human life; we completed the Human Genome Project. Next, we sequenced the human genome, that is, we read the number of nucleotides and the order in which they are arranged. With advancement in science and technology, we sequenced the human genome cheaper and faster using the next-generation sequencers such as nanopore.

We are able to compare the reference sequence of every gene with the 1000 copies of the same gene from different individuals to identify differences.

If the good variant came from the pancreas, it produces insulin which is used to treat diabetes.

If the variant came from an abnormal mutated gene, it is responsible for causing common diseases such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, or Alzheimer. Soon, we will prepare a variant map of the entire genome to identify all 6000 diseases; then, we can design drugs to treat these diseases by shutting off their genes.

The Thousand Genome Project will help us single out the rare mutation responsible for causing rare genetic diseases such as Parkinson with precision and accuracy.

With advent of new technologies, we embark on the more ambitious project such as The Human Brain Project and The Human Longevity Project.

Next, I will attempt to answer an important question about how to design drugs to treat diseases to save human life by using the information available from the Human Genome Project. Is the secret hidden in the long string of four nucleotides text on a three-letter codon carrying 24,000 genes in 46 chromosomes in our genome containing six billion four hundred million nucleotides?

Could we identify the genetic variants responsible for our diseases by comparing the whole-genome sequence of the centenarians with the 1000 Human Genome Project completed by US and a Million Human Genome Project to be completed by European and a three Million Human Genome Project announced by the Chinese to identify rare alleles responsible for causing rare diseases with accuracy and precision. We want to identify in the whole genome the specific genetic variations and the few nucleotides responsible for our health. As I said above, before the discovery of antibiotics, most people died in their 50s.

Today, all infectious diseases are treated with antibiotics.

Now, we must treat the old age common diseases such as cancers, cardiac diseases, and Alzheimer.

To save human life from these dreadful diseases, we have to design drugs to shut off genes responsible for causing these old age diseases. Next, I will describe how I design drugs to shut off genes which cause brain cancer, glioblastomas.